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<p>The extreme conditions within the supernova core, a high-temperature and high-density environment, create an ideal laboratory for the search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Of particular interest are low-energy supernovae, characterized by their low explosion energies, which place strong constraints on the new-physics energy transfer from the core to the mantle. We compute low-energy supernova constraints on lepton-flavor-violating axions and axion-like particles that couple to both electrons and muons. For axion mass above the muon mass, the electron-muon coalescence and the axion decay are dominant production and reabsorption processes, respectively. We find that the low-energy supernovae provide the most stringent constraints on the axions in the mass range of ∼ (110<i>,</i> 550) MeV, probing the coupling constant down to <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_27317_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="117" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({g}_{ae\mu }\simeq \mathcal{O}({10}^{-11})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Low-energy supernova constraints on lepton flavor violating axions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月2日

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  • Zi-Miao Huang,
  • Zuowei Liu

摘要

The extreme conditions within the supernova core, a high-temperature and high-density environment, create an ideal laboratory for the search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Of particular interest are low-energy supernovae, characterized by their low explosion energies, which place strong constraints on the new-physics energy transfer from the core to the mantle. We compute low-energy supernova constraints on lepton-flavor-violating axions and axion-like particles that couple to both electrons and muons. For axion mass above the muon mass, the electron-muon coalescence and the axion decay are dominant production and reabsorption processes, respectively. We find that the low-energy supernovae provide the most stringent constraints on the axions in the mass range of ∼ (110, 550) MeV, probing the coupling constant down to \({g}_{ae\mu }\simeq \mathcal{O}({10}^{-11})\) .