<p>We introduce infrared finite, analytic, crossing symmetric, Regge behaved, and Lorentz invariant amplitudes <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">E</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathcal{M}}_{\mathcal{E}} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, labeled by the experimental energy resolution <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <mi mathvariant="script">E</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \mathcal{E} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for detecting soft photons and gravitons. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <mi mathvariant="script">E</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \mathcal{E} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> exponentially smaller than any hard scale, they also satisfy unitarity and their associated cross sections reproduce the inclusive, infrared-finite cross sections of ordinary amplitudes. These properties make <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">E</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathcal{M}}_{\mathcal{E}} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> suitable for deriving infrared-safe positivity bounds on effective field theories in the presence of long-range forces even in <i>D</i> = 4. As an illustration, we present explicit bounds in the low-energy theory of pions coupled to electromagnetism and gravity.</p>

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Positivity with long-range interactions

  • B. Bellazzini,
  • J. Berman,
  • G. Isabella,
  • F. Riva,
  • M. Romano,
  • F. Sciotti

摘要

We introduce infrared finite, analytic, crossing symmetric, Regge behaved, and Lorentz invariant amplitudes M E \( {\mathcal{M}}_{\mathcal{E}} \) , labeled by the experimental energy resolution E \( \mathcal{E} \) for detecting soft photons and gravitons. For E \( \mathcal{E} \) exponentially smaller than any hard scale, they also satisfy unitarity and their associated cross sections reproduce the inclusive, infrared-finite cross sections of ordinary amplitudes. These properties make M E \( {\mathcal{M}}_{\mathcal{E}} \) suitable for deriving infrared-safe positivity bounds on effective field theories in the presence of long-range forces even in D = 4. As an illustration, we present explicit bounds in the low-energy theory of pions coupled to electromagnetism and gravity.