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<p>We consider an axion flux on Earth consistent with detectability at a Cherenkov-light facility such as the Hyper-Kamiokande neutrino experiment, implying emission from a sufficiently nearby Supernova candidate. Using Chiral Perturbation Theory augmented with an axion, we calculate the energy spectrum of <i>a</i> + <i>N</i> → <i>N</i> + <i>γ</i> as well as <i>a</i> + <i>N</i> → <i>N</i> + <i>π</i><sup>0</sup>, where <i>N</i> denotes a nucleon in the water tank planned for Hyper-Kamiokande. Our calculations assume the most general axion-quark interactions, with couplings constrained either solely by experimental data, or by specific theory scenarios.</p><p>We find that even for the QCD axion — whose interaction strength with matter is at its weakest as compared with axion-like particles — the expected Cherenkov -light spectrum from neutrino-nucleon interactions is modified in a potentially detectable way. Furthermore, detectability appears significantly more promising for the <i>N</i> + <i>π</i><sup>0</sup> final state, as its spectrum peaks an order of magnitude higher and at energies twice as large compared to the <i>N</i> + <i>γ</i> counterpart. Given the rarity of SN events where both the neutrino and the hypothetical axion burst are detectable, we emphasize the importance of identifying additional mechanisms that could enhance such signals.</p>

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Probing the general axion-nucleon interaction in water Cherenkov experiments

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月3日

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  • Maël Cavan-Piton,
  • Diego Guadagnoli,
  • Axel Iohner,
  • Pablo Fernández-Menéndez,
  • Ludovico Vittorio

摘要

We consider an axion flux on Earth consistent with detectability at a Cherenkov-light facility such as the Hyper-Kamiokande neutrino experiment, implying emission from a sufficiently nearby Supernova candidate. Using Chiral Perturbation Theory augmented with an axion, we calculate the energy spectrum of a + N → N + γ as well as a + N → N + π0, where N denotes a nucleon in the water tank planned for Hyper-Kamiokande. Our calculations assume the most general axion-quark interactions, with couplings constrained either solely by experimental data, or by specific theory scenarios.

We find that even for the QCD axion — whose interaction strength with matter is at its weakest as compared with axion-like particles — the expected Cherenkov -light spectrum from neutrino-nucleon interactions is modified in a potentially detectable way. Furthermore, detectability appears significantly more promising for the N + π0 final state, as its spectrum peaks an order of magnitude higher and at energies twice as large compared to the N + γ counterpart. Given the rarity of SN events where both the neutrino and the hypothetical axion burst are detectable, we emphasize the importance of identifying additional mechanisms that could enhance such signals.