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<p>Recent work on cosmological amplitudes has established reality conditions (derived from unitarity) for general particle-creation processes in flat FLRW cosmologies, in the Bunch-Davies wavefunction. In light of these results, we propose a new class of large-<i>N</i> holographic gauge theories with <i>d</i> spatial dimensions, which we call <i>Kosmic Field Theories</i> (KFTs), of which only a subset are conformal (KCFTs). By imposing an appropriate — <i>d</i> dependent — complex phase for the number of colours <i>N</i> and the t’ Hooft coupling <i>λ</i>, we show that the complex phases of <i>n</i>-point functions in a KFT match the reality conditions required by <i>d</i> + 1 bulk unitarity, to all orders in bulk and boundary perturbation theory, including loop diagrams. Since <i>N</i><sup>2</sup><i>/λ</i> is imaginary in all dimensions, the class of (parity-even) KFTs has no overlap with the class of Wick rotations of unitary QFTs. We also make a preliminary investigation of positivity conditions, which might constrain the overall ± sign of <i>N</i><sup>2</sup> and <i>λ</i>.</p><p>Although SU(<i>N</i>) models with adjoint matter can be defined in generic real dimensions <i>d</i>, several features of the class of KFTs are nicer when <i>d</i> is odd, allowing <i>N</i><sup>2</sup> to be real. This includes the possibility of non-oriented and/or open string duals, reality of the effective number of degrees of freedom, and closure under RG flow beyond the leading order in a 1<i>/N</i> expansion. This could explain why we live in a cosmology with an even number of spacetime dimensions.</p>

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Kosmic Field Theories: towards holographic duals for unitary string cosmologies

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Ayngaran Thavanesan,
  • Aron C. Wall

摘要

Recent work on cosmological amplitudes has established reality conditions (derived from unitarity) for general particle-creation processes in flat FLRW cosmologies, in the Bunch-Davies wavefunction. In light of these results, we propose a new class of large-N holographic gauge theories with d spatial dimensions, which we call Kosmic Field Theories (KFTs), of which only a subset are conformal (KCFTs). By imposing an appropriate — d dependent — complex phase for the number of colours N and the t’ Hooft coupling λ, we show that the complex phases of n-point functions in a KFT match the reality conditions required by d + 1 bulk unitarity, to all orders in bulk and boundary perturbation theory, including loop diagrams. Since N2/λ is imaginary in all dimensions, the class of (parity-even) KFTs has no overlap with the class of Wick rotations of unitary QFTs. We also make a preliminary investigation of positivity conditions, which might constrain the overall ± sign of N2 and λ.

Although SU(N) models with adjoint matter can be defined in generic real dimensions d, several features of the class of KFTs are nicer when d is odd, allowing N2 to be real. This includes the possibility of non-oriented and/or open string duals, reality of the effective number of degrees of freedom, and closure under RG flow beyond the leading order in a 1/N expansion. This could explain why we live in a cosmology with an even number of spacetime dimensions.