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<p>Neutrino-pair exchange induces a neutrino force that can drive dark matter (DM) self-interactions and impact small-scale structure formation. In the presence of the cosmic neutrino background (C<i>ν</i>B), this force can be modified, with important consequences for DM phenomenology. We study the effect of the C<i>ν</i>B on neutrino forces, generated by the scalar and pseudoscalar interactions. We explore the significance of the background neutrino force on the scalar DM-neutrino portal model, including DM self-scattering and annihilation. Our results show that the interplay between attractive vacuum potential and repulsive background potential leads to a screening effect that varies across DM mass (<i>m</i><sub><i>χ</i></sub>) regimes, strongly affecting DM self-scattering in the DM mass <i>m</i><sub><i>ν</i></sub> ≲ <i>m</i><sub><i>χ</i></sub> ≲ <i>T</i><sub><i>CνB</i></sub>. Meanwhile, for DM annihilation, the screening completely vanishes the Sommerfeld Enhancement induced by the neutrino force. Overall, the C<i>ν</i>B substantially reshapes the viable coupling range for DM self-interactions while remaining compatible with current constraints, offering a pathway to small-scale structure problems.</p>

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Effect of cosmic neutrino background on the dark matter self-interaction via neutrino force

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Pawin Ittisamai,
  • Chakrit Pongkitivanichkul,
  • Muhammaddaniya Sutwilai,
  • Nakorn Thongyoi,
  • Patipan Uttayarat

摘要

Neutrino-pair exchange induces a neutrino force that can drive dark matter (DM) self-interactions and impact small-scale structure formation. In the presence of the cosmic neutrino background (CνB), this force can be modified, with important consequences for DM phenomenology. We study the effect of the CνB on neutrino forces, generated by the scalar and pseudoscalar interactions. We explore the significance of the background neutrino force on the scalar DM-neutrino portal model, including DM self-scattering and annihilation. Our results show that the interplay between attractive vacuum potential and repulsive background potential leads to a screening effect that varies across DM mass (mχ) regimes, strongly affecting DM self-scattering in the DM mass mν ≲ mχ ≲ TCνB. Meanwhile, for DM annihilation, the screening completely vanishes the Sommerfeld Enhancement induced by the neutrino force. Overall, the CνB substantially reshapes the viable coupling range for DM self-interactions while remaining compatible with current constraints, offering a pathway to small-scale structure problems.