<p>We provide a direct combinatorial proof of a Feynman graph identity which implies a wide generalization of a formality theorem by Kontsevich. For a Feynman graph Γ, we associate to each vertex a position <i>x</i><sub><i>v</i></sub> ∈ <i>ℝ</i> and to each edge <i>e</i> the combination <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_26195_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="27" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="138" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>a</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msubsup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msubsup> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {s}_e={a}_e^{-\frac{1}{2}}\left({x}_e^{+}-{x}_e^{-}\right) \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_26195_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mo>±</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {x}_e^{\pm } \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are the positions of the two end vertices of <i>e</i>, and <i>a</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> is a Schwinger parameter. The “topological propagator” <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_26195_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="93" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mi>s</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {P}_e={e}^{-{s}_e^2}{\textrm{d}s}_e \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> includes a part proportional to d<i>x</i><sub><i>v</i></sub> and a part proportional to d<i>a</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>. Integrating the product of all <i>P</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> over positions produces a differential form <i>α</i><sub>Γ</sub> in the variables <i>a</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>. We derive an explicit combinatorial formula for <i>α</i><sub>Γ</sub>, and we prove that <i>α</i><sub>Γ</sub> ∧ <i>α</i><sub>Γ</sub> = 0 for all graphs except for trees.</p>

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Combinatorial proof of a non-renormalization theorem

  • Paul-Hermann Balduf,
  • Davide Gaiotto

摘要

We provide a direct combinatorial proof of a Feynman graph identity which implies a wide generalization of a formality theorem by Kontsevich. For a Feynman graph Γ, we associate to each vertex a position xv and to each edge e the combination s e = a e 1 2 x e + x e \( {s}_e={a}_e^{-\frac{1}{2}}\left({x}_e^{+}-{x}_e^{-}\right) \) , where x e ± \( {x}_e^{\pm } \) are the positions of the two end vertices of e, and ae is a Schwinger parameter. The “topological propagator” P e = e s e 2 d s e \( {P}_e={e}^{-{s}_e^2}{\textrm{d}s}_e \) includes a part proportional to dxv and a part proportional to dae. Integrating the product of all Pe over positions produces a differential form αΓ in the variables ae. We derive an explicit combinatorial formula for αΓ, and we prove that αΓαΓ = 0 for all graphs except for trees.