<p>Relativistic full weak-neutral axial-vector four-current distributions inside a general spin-<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_26006_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \frac{1}{2} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> hadron are systematically studied for the first time, where the second-class current contribution associated with the induced pseudotensor form factor (FF) is included. We clearly demonstrate that the 3D axial charge distribution, being parity-odd in the Breit frame, is in fact related to the induced pseudotensor FF <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_26006_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="63" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msubsup> <mi>G</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>Z</mi> </msubsup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {G}_T^Z\left({Q}^2\right) \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> rather than the axial FF <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_26006_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="63" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msubsup> <mi>G</mi> <mi>A</mi> <mi>Z</mi> </msubsup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {G}_A^Z\left({Q}^2\right) \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We study the frame-dependence of full axial-vector four-current distributions for a moving hadron, and compare them with their light-front counterparts. We revisit the role played by the Melosh rotation, and understand more easily and intuitively the origins of distortions appearing in light-front distributions (relative to the Breit frame ones) using the conjecture that we propose in this work. In particular, we show that the second-class current contribution, although explicitly included, does not contribute in fact to the mean-square axial and spin radii. We finally illustrate our results in the case of a proton using the weak-neutral axial-vector FFs extracted from experimental data.</p>

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Nucleon relativistic weak-neutral axial-vector four-current distributions

  • Yi Chen

摘要

Relativistic full weak-neutral axial-vector four-current distributions inside a general spin- 1 2 \( \frac{1}{2} \) hadron are systematically studied for the first time, where the second-class current contribution associated with the induced pseudotensor form factor (FF) is included. We clearly demonstrate that the 3D axial charge distribution, being parity-odd in the Breit frame, is in fact related to the induced pseudotensor FF G T Z Q 2 \( {G}_T^Z\left({Q}^2\right) \) rather than the axial FF G A Z Q 2 \( {G}_A^Z\left({Q}^2\right) \) . We study the frame-dependence of full axial-vector four-current distributions for a moving hadron, and compare them with their light-front counterparts. We revisit the role played by the Melosh rotation, and understand more easily and intuitively the origins of distortions appearing in light-front distributions (relative to the Breit frame ones) using the conjecture that we propose in this work. In particular, we show that the second-class current contribution, although explicitly included, does not contribute in fact to the mean-square axial and spin radii. We finally illustrate our results in the case of a proton using the weak-neutral axial-vector FFs extracted from experimental data.