<p>Many observables in quantum field theories are involved non-analytic functions of the parameters of the theory. However, it is expected that they are not arbitrarily wild, but rather have only a finite amount of geometric complexity. This expectation has been recently formalized by a tameness principle: physical observables should be definable in o-minimal structures and their sharp refinements. In this work, we show that a broad class of non-analytic partition and correlation functions are tame functions in the o-minimal structure known as <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_25450_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi>ℝ</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">G</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathbb{R}}_{\mathcal{G}} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> — the structure defining Gevrey functions. Using a perturbative approach, we expand the observables in asymptotic series in powers of a small coupling constant. Although these series are often divergent, they can be Borel-resummed in the absence of Stokes phenomena to yield the full partition and correlation functions. We show that this makes them definable in <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_25450_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi>ℝ</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">G</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathbb{R}}_{\mathcal{G}} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and provide a number of motivating examples. These include certain 0-dimensional quantum field theories and a set of higher-dimensional quantum field theories that can be analyzed using constructive field theory. Finally, we discuss how the eigenvalues of certain Hamiltonians in quantum mechanics are also definable in <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_25450_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi>ℝ</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">G</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathbb{R}}_{\mathcal{G}} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Taming non-analyticities of QFT observables

  • Thomas W. Grimm,
  • Giovanni Ravazzini,
  • Mick van Vliet

摘要

Many observables in quantum field theories are involved non-analytic functions of the parameters of the theory. However, it is expected that they are not arbitrarily wild, but rather have only a finite amount of geometric complexity. This expectation has been recently formalized by a tameness principle: physical observables should be definable in o-minimal structures and their sharp refinements. In this work, we show that a broad class of non-analytic partition and correlation functions are tame functions in the o-minimal structure known as G \( {\mathbb{R}}_{\mathcal{G}} \) — the structure defining Gevrey functions. Using a perturbative approach, we expand the observables in asymptotic series in powers of a small coupling constant. Although these series are often divergent, they can be Borel-resummed in the absence of Stokes phenomena to yield the full partition and correlation functions. We show that this makes them definable in G \( {\mathbb{R}}_{\mathcal{G}} \) and provide a number of motivating examples. These include certain 0-dimensional quantum field theories and a set of higher-dimensional quantum field theories that can be analyzed using constructive field theory. Finally, we discuss how the eigenvalues of certain Hamiltonians in quantum mechanics are also definable in G \( {\mathbb{R}}_{\mathcal{G}} \) .